News Question 3 - notes

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10 marks- 15 Minutes

 A question on how contexts impact production/ distribution/ circulation in the newspaper industry using example from two case studies (daily mail and guardian)

 An example question- explain how the political contexts in which newspapers are produced, influences their ownership and regulation. Refer to the Guardian and The Daily Mail newspapers you have studied to support your answer [10]
  • This question focuses on the Knowledge and understanding of contexts of newspaper production. There is no analysis here- so need to refer to papers we have studied and have a good bank of knowledge- AO1
  • question can be about social, cultural, economic or political.
Macro:
  • Three companies own 80% of UK newspapers market. An Oligopoly. NB- Guardian only has 10% share.
  1. DMGT (rothermere)- 33%
  2. Reach PLC- 27.6%
  3. Rupert Murdoch- 18.8%
Oligopoly- industry is dominated by a few small companies. (monopoly is 1 company)
  • Job of press is to hold powerful institutions, including politicians, to account and be all eyes and ears of the public in places the public cannot be
  • Leveson enquiry launched - investigate culture and practices of ethics of British Press (following phone hacking scandal)
  • As a result, two main regulators and uphold press standards - government backed IMPRESS and industry accepted IPSO.

Economic:
  • Newspaper industry in decline-facing dual competition of internet news and challenge of how to monetize content in a digital age.
  • Print revenues falling and internet platforms like Facebook and Google monpolise the profits from online advertising (mail now makes more from digital news than for print)
  • They have had to invest and adapt to compete with changing expectations of audiences in digital age- constantly updated etc

Political/regulatory:
  • Press is the fourth estate- underpins democracy and holds the powerful to account
  • Politically, our social system is capitalist, free market democracy. This is why newspaper industry is Oligopoly.
  • close relationship between press and politicians criticized by Leveson leading to greater levels of transparency.
  • Post leveson- self regulation by IPSO- an industry body which upholds press standards and maintains editors code of conduct
  • IMPRESS is only other regulator but its state backed, few national newspapers have signed up.
  • Guardian signed up to neither as they claim both regulators are flawed. Instead the scotts trust have its owned regulatory board.

Cultural/historical:
  • British cultural tradition
  • since 1980's the industry has been migrating online in historic shift
  • Cultural shift- audiences prefer online media and have expectations of entertainment  and acceptance of marketing and self-promotion
  • Newspapers are part of common life
  • Ownership concentrated in a few hands means newspapers support one-dimensional view of British culture and can enforce cultural norms and viewpoints.

Social:


  • The way audiences consume, interact with and pay for news has changed.
  • News reflects what is happening in the world and reflects current social concerns

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