News

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Why do we need the press?

  1. we need to be informed about others opinions- news media provides a forum for this debate. If we only lived off our own opinions, it would be very one-sided
  2. The older generation are more interested
  3. It keeps us informed about what is happening in the world
  4. Along with information, Papers have an entertainment function such as celebrities/ sports/ TV and puzzles.
  5. The press are sometimes called the fourth estate- to reflect their important role in society.
Why do people read the news?
Blulmer and Katz theorised that people use media because it gratifies a particular need- they get something from it. This is called Uses and Gratification theory. They came up with 4 categories:
  1. Diversion- escape from routine and problems to take your mind off things.
  2. Personal Relationships- to be able to be part of conversations or conversely for companionship
  3. Personal Identity- for instance, to reinforce values or change the way you think about things.
  4. information- factors which could affect you- to stay up to date.
Readers spend a significant amount of time reading newspaper content: it still influences people.

Newspapers: 1 hour 9 minutes
Tablet/smartphone: 50 minutes
Desktop: 49 minutes
Sunday Newspaper:1 hour 27 minutes

Primary level of attention: focused on the media text
Secondary level of attention: doing something else at the same time
Tertiary level of attention: the media text is on in the background.

How many adults do UK newsbrands reach on a daily basis? 47.5 million
What is the UK newsbrand projected value in 2021? £5 billion

Why newsbrands are still needed:
  • In a world of fake news, newsbrands become a reliable source of information
  • Journalists always cross check and stand up stories making sure their stories are reliable and the other side of the debate has been given the right of reply.
  • If they print something false or misleading, the brand suffers and they can be held accountable.
Why we shouldn't rely on social media:
  • Our social media feeds tell us the things we want to know but not always the things we need to know to be informed citizens.
  • it skews our world view
  • Mainstream media sets the news agenda-filtering the things we need to know about.
How does the news industry make money?
- from advertising, sales, paywalls

What has been happening to revenues over recent years?
- decline of 57% in 14 years
- January 2001= 12.06 million copies sold per day and May 2014= 6.89 million copies sold per day

How is the news industry responding to change over the internet age?
-There is now 24 hour news
-more online newspapers etc.

Production- sales of newspapers are decreasing because they are expensive commodities- expensive to produce because they require a large amount of material and they employ highly trained staff in expensive city buildings. Online news is much cheaper and less costly.

Distribution- once produced, the papers have to be shipped across the country which is expensive. In comparison, web based news means there are no global boundaries and markets can be international. Free newspapers (metro) are bucking the trend of declining circulation. The metro is free and knows there are millions reading it.

Marketing- Newspapers need to promote their brand to encourage circulation and readership.
- advertising on TV is expensive, Social media is still expensive but less than sister media channels.
-Synergy energy deals with other companies offering products//services- like giveaways in the sun.

Newspaper circulation- refers to the number of newspapers that have been distributed, not sold. Circulation figures are important because they set advertising rates.

Ownership:
Media Barons- wealthy individuals who own the paper or a group of papers
Trusts- a legal arrangement where finances from the owner are transferred to trustees to manage the control and running of the newspaper, without direct influence of the owner.
Cross-media conglomerates- huge global institutions who own numerous media outlets which are owned by individuals/groups e.g Sky and BBC.

DMG media - owned by Viscount Rothermere
News UK- owned by Rupert Murdoch                     
- these people own 60% of media outlets (newspapers etc)

The role of the editor:
-they sift the information that is submitted to newspapers.
-They not only select but omit stories based on what will appeal to their audiences.
-They can practice "protective coverage"- the withholding of the information on the grounds it would be harmful to powerful people or the public, or impede a criminal investigation taking place.
- they will also have the same viewpoints as the owner.

David Dinsmore- former editor of The Sun talking on the media show (radio 4) -22.04mins
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b084thlr
- How much revenue do newspapers contribute to the UK economy? £5.3 billion
-What is Dinsmores biggest complain about content being monetised? Its being monetised by other people, not him.
-How much revenue do papers get per year per print customer compared to per digital customer? print= £124 and digital= £15
- What percentage of news generated in the UK is generated by newsbrands? 58%
-Newspapers used to own stories for 24 hours now its 24 seconds. What does this mean? a story would go to late news and then would be all around the world
-what percentage of worldwide digital advertising revenue do google and facebook get? 103% ( others get 3% less)
- How many users do Google send to other news sites per month? 10 billion.





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